A uniqueness result for a Schrödinger–Poisson system with strong singularity

In this paper, we consider the following Schrödinger–Poisson system with strong singularity −∆u + φu = f(x)u , x ∈ Ω, −∆φ = u 2 , x ∈ Ω, u > 0, x ∈ Ω, u = φ = 0, x ∈ ∂Ω, where Ω ⊂ R3 is a smooth bounded domain, γ > 1, f ∈ L 1 (Ω) is a positive function (i.e. f(x) > 0 a.e. in Ω). A necessary and sufficient condition on the existence and uniqueness of positive weak solution of the system is obtained. The results supplement the main conclusions in recent literature

A uniqueness result for a Schrödinger-Poisson system with strong singularity

In this paper, we consider the following Schrödinger–Poisson system with strong singularity −∆u + φu = f(x)u , x ∈ Ω, −∆φ = u 2 , x ∈ Ω, u > 0, x ∈ Ω, u = φ = 0, x ∈ ∂Ω, where Ω ⊂ R3 is a smooth bounded domain, γ > 1, f ∈ L 1 (Ω) is a positive function (i.e. f(x) > 0 a.e. in Ω). A necessary and sufficient condition on the existence and uniqueness of positive weak solution of the system is obtained. The results supplement the main conclusions in recent literature

Isolation of a novel abscisic acid stress ripening (OsASR) gene from rice and analysis of the response of this gene to abiotic stresses

Abiotic stresses constitute a serious threat to agricultural production, which often develops into major crop production reducing factors around the world. Molecular biology technology has, however, emerged as a promising vehicle improving crop tolerance. A cold-, drought- and heat-inducible gene designated Oryza sativa L. abscisic acid stress-ripening (OsASR) gene, GenBank accession: AK318549.1 was identified in rice Pei’ai64s (O. sativa L. ssp. Indica cv.) using the GeneChip rice genome array (Affymetrix) representing 51, 279 transcripts from two rice subspecies japonica and indica. The expression profile of OsASR obtained by the microarray analysis was confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the gene. The two sets of data matched very well, suggesting that OsASR is a multiple stresses responsive gene in rice. Based on the sequence, PCR primers were designed. The cDNA with the whole open reading frame (ORF) was amplified by PCR and cloned. Sequence analysis showed that the cDNA encodes a protein of 284 amino acid residues with M.W. ≈ 11.7 kD and pI ≈ 10.4. The gene encodes a protein with several conserved domains. Comparison of protein sequences indicates that OsASR encodes a putative abscisic acid stress-ripening protein. Analysis of the putative promoter region for candidate cis-regulatory elements using PlantCARE software identified seven kinds of cis-elements related to stress responses. Based on the aforementioned analyses and results obtained, we propose that OsASR is a novel candidate gene involved in stress tolerance in rice.Keywords: Rice, microarray, abiotic stress, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), abscisic acid stress ripenin

Phylogenetic structure and ecological and evolutionary determinants of species richness

Aim: Site-level species richness is thought to result from both local conditions and species’ evolutionary history, but the nature of the evolutionary effect, and how much it underlies the correlation with current environment, are debated. Although tropical conservatism is a widely used explanatory framework along temperature gradients, it is unclear whether cold tolerance is primarily a threshold effect (e.g. freezing tolerance) or represents a more continuous constraint. Nor is it clear whether cold tolerance is the only major axis of conservatism or whether others, such as water-stress tolerance, are additionally important or trade-off against cold tolerance. We address these questions by testing associated predictions for forest plots distributed across 35° latitude. Location: China. Methods: We recorded all trees within 57 0.1-ha plots, generated a phylogeny for the 462 angiosperm species found, and calculated phylogenetic diversity (standardized PD), net relatedness index (NRI) and phylogenetic species variability (PSV) for each plot. We tested the predictions using regression, variance partitioning and structural equation modelling to disentangle potential influences of key climate variables on NRI and PSV, and of all variables on species richness. Results: Species richness correlated very strongly with minimum temperature, nonlinearly overall but linearly where freezing is absent. The phylogenetic variables also correlated strongly with minimum temperature. While NRI and PSV explained little additional variance in species richness, they accounted for part of the species richness–current climate correlation. Water stress added minimal explanatory power. All these variables showed strong latitudinal gradients. Main conclusions: Minimum temperature appeared to primarily control tree species richness, via both a threshold-like freezing effect and a linear relationship in climates without freezing. We found no clear signal of water-stress effects. The modelled contribution of evolutionary history is consistent with cold-tolerance conservatism, but could not account for all the species richness–climate relationship

A quantum circuit simulator and its applications on Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer

Classical simulation of quantum computation is vital for verifying quantum devices and assessing quantum algorithms. We present a new quantum circuit simulator developed on the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer. Compared with other simulators, the present one is distinguished in two aspects. First, our simulator is more versatile. The simulator consists of three mutually independent parts to compute the full, partial and single amplitudes of a quantum state with different methods. It has the function of emulating the effect of noise and support more kinds of quantum operations. Second, our simulator is of high efficiency. The simulator is designed in a two-level parallel structure to be implemented efficiently on the distributed many-core Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer. Random quantum circuits can be simulated with 40, 75 and 200 qubits on the full, partial and single amplitude, respectively. As illustrative applications of the simulator, we present a quantum fast Poisson solver and an algorithm for quantum arithmetic of evaluating transcendental functions. Our simulator is expected to have broader applications in developing quantum algorithms in various fields.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure

Oxidative stress-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase contributes to mild cognitive impairment-related mitochondrial dysfunction

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) occurs during the pre-dementia stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is characterized by a decline in cognitive abilities that frequently represents a transition between normal cognition and AD dementia. Its pathogenesis is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate the direct consequences and potential mechanisms of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamic and functional defects in MCI-derived mitochondria. Using cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell model in which mitochondria from MCI or age-matched non-MCI subjects were incorporated into a human neuronal cell line depleted of endogenous mitochondrial DNA, we evaluated the mitochondrial dynamics and functions, as well as the role of oxidative stress in the resultant cybrid lines. We demonstrated increased expression levels of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is markedly induced by oxidative stress in MCI-derived mitochondria along with aberrant mitochondrial functions. Inhibition of oxidative stress rescues MCI-impaired mitochondrial fusion/fission balance as shown by the suppression of Mfn2 expression, attenuation of abnormal mitochondrial morphology and distribution, and improvement in mitochondrial function. Furthermore, blockade of MCI related stress-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling not only attenuates aberrant mitochondrial morphology and function but also restores mitochondrial fission and fusion balance, in particular inhibition of overexpressed Mfn2. Our results provide new insights into the role of the oxidative stress-ERK-Mfn2 signal axis in MCI-related mitochondrial abnormalities, indicating that the MCI phase may be targetable for the development new therapeutic approaches that improve mitochondrial function in age-related neurodegeneration

An improved double channel long short-term memory model for medical text classification

There are a large number of symptom consultation texts in medical and healthcare Internet communities, and Chinese health segmentation is more complex, which leads to the low accuracy of the existing algorithms for medical text classification. The deep learning model has advantages in extracting abstract features of text effectively. However, for a large number of samples of complex text data, especially for words with ambiguous meanings in the field of Chinese medical diagnosis, the word-level neural network model is insufficient. Therefore, in order to solve the triage and precise treatment of patients, we present an improved Double Channel (DC) mechanism as a significant enhancement to Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). In this DC mechanism, two channels are used to receive word-level and char-level embedding, respectively, at the same time. Hybrid attention is proposed to combine the current time output with the current time unit state and then using attention to calculate the weight. By calculating the probability distribution of each timestep input data weight, the weight score is obtained, and then weighted summation is performed. At last, the data input by each timestep is subjected to trade-off learning to improve the generalization ability of the model learning. Moreover, we conduct an extensive performance evaluation on two different datasets: cMedQA and Sentiment140. The experimental results show that the DC-LSTM model proposed in this paper has significantly superior accuracy and ROC compared with the basic CNN-LSTM model

DISC-LawLLM: Fine-tuning Large Language Models for Intelligent Legal Services

We propose DISC-LawLLM, an intelligent legal system utilizing large language models (LLMs) to provide a wide range of legal services. We adopt legal syllogism prompting strategies to construct supervised fine-tuning datasets in the Chinese Judicial domain and fine-tune LLMs with legal reasoning capability. We augment LLMs with a retrieval module to enhance models' ability to access and utilize external legal knowledge. A comprehensive legal benchmark, DISC-Law-Eval, is presented to evaluate intelligent legal systems from both objective and subjective dimensions. Quantitative and qualitative results on DISC-Law-Eval demonstrate the effectiveness of our system in serving various users across diverse legal scenarios. The detailed resources are available at https://github.com/FudanDISC/DISC-LawLLM

Inhibition of ERK-DLP1 signaling and mitochondrial division alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease cybrid cell

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The underlying mechanisms and strategies to repair it remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the direct consequences and potential mechanisms of mitochondrial functional defects associated with abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in AD. Using cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) neurons with incorporated platelet mitochondria from AD and age-matched non-AD human subjects into mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-depleted neuronal cells, we observed that AD cybrid cells had significant changes in morphology and function; such changes associate with altered expression and distribution of dynamin-like protein (DLP1) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). Treatment with antioxidant protects against AD mitochondria-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and mitochondrial fission-fusion imbalances. Notably, inhibition of ERK activation not only attenuates aberrant mitochondrial morphology and function but also restores the mitochondrial fission and fusion balance. These effects suggest a role of oxidative stress-mediated ERK signal transduction in modulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion events. Further, blockade of the mitochondrial fission protein DLP1 by a genetic manipulation with a dominant negative DLP1 (DLP1K38A), its expression with siRNA-DLP1, or inhibition of mitochondrial division with mdivi-1 attenuates mitochondrial functional defects observed in AD cybrid cells. Our results provide new insights into mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from changes in the ERK-fission/fusion (DLP1) machinery and signaling pathway. The protective effect of mdivi-1 and inhibition of ERK signaling on maintenance of normal mitochondrial structure and function holds promise as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for AD